WATERMELON PRODUCTION

WATERMELON (Citrullus lanatus)

Introduction

Watermelons need warm temperatures (up to 80 degrees during the day) and a long growing season. Gardeners in colder climates can still have success in growing watermelon by starting seeds indoors and choosing short-season varieties. Days to maturity range from 70 to 90, depending on the variety.

Bottom of Form

Soil type:

·         The crop grows well in sandy soils. In Tanzania water melons grow well in coastal regions like, Pwani, Dar es Salaam, Morogoro, Mtwara, and Lindi

·         Watermelons prefer a soil pH between 6 and 6.8.

·         Growing the vines in raised rows, known as hills, ensures good drainage and will hold the sun’s heat longer.

·         Amend soil with aged manure or compost before planting. Watermelons are heavy feeders.

·         Watermelons like loamy, well-drained soil.

Recommended Varieties

·         ‘Sugar Baby’ 80 days to maturity. Produces 10-pound melons with bright red flesh. This variety of smaller fruit can be planted just 4 feet apart.

·         ‘Sweet Beauty’ 80 days to maturity. A 2004 All-America Selection. Bears 6-pound, oblong melons with red flesh.

·         ‘Golden Midget’ 70 days to maturity. Bears petite, yellow-skinned 3-pound melons with pink flesh. Good for Northern gardeners.

Planting

·         If you live in warmer climes, you can direct sow seeds outdoors, but wait until the soil temperature warms to at least 70 degrees to avoid poor germination.

·         Watermelon vines are very tender and should not be transplanted until all danger of frost has passed. (To be safe, wait at least two weeks past your last frost date.)

·         If you are in a cooler zone, start seeds indoors about a month before transplanting. 

Spacing

·         If you're growing in rows, space 6 feet apart by 6 feet apart. 

     Space the plants about 2 feet apart in a 5-foot-wide hill. 

·         Handle them gently when you transplant. 

·         After you transplant, cover the plants with row covers to keep pests at bay. You'll remove the row covers when you see both male and female flowers on the vine.

Care

·         Mulching with black plastic will serve multiple purposes: it will warm the soil, hinder weed growth and keep developing fruits clean.

·         While melon plants are growing, blooming, and setting fruit, they need 1 to 2 inches of water per week. Water at the vine's base in the morning, and try to avoid wetting the leaves and avoid overhead watering. Reduce watering once fruit are growing. Dry weather produces the sweetest melon.

·         Pruning isn't necessary, but vine productivity may be improved if you do not allow lateral (side) vines to grow and stick to the main vine. When the plant is young, just cut off the end buds as they form (before the side shoots become vines). You can also pinch off some blossoms to focus the energy on fewer melons (though it's a challenge to kill off a potential fruit!).

·         Vines produce male and female flowers separately on the same plant. They often begin producing male flowers several weeks before the females appear. Do not be concerned if the male flowers fall off. The female flowers (which have a swollen bulb at the base) will stay on the vine and bear fruit.

·         Blossoms require pollination to set fruit, so be kind to the bees! 

·         As fruit is ripening, prevent rotting by gently lifting it and putting some cardboard or straw between the fruit and the soil.

Pests.

·         Aphids

·         Cucumber Beetles

·         Squash Vine Borer Moths

·         Fusarium Wilt

Harvest/Storage

Watermelons don’t sweeten after they are picked, so harvest time is important. They generally ripen over two weeks so keep your eye on them.

·         Thump it. If the watermelon sounds hollow, it's ripe.

·         Look at the color on the top. The watermelon is ripe when there is little contrast between the stripes.

·         Look at the color on the bottom. A green watermelon will have a white bottom; a ripe melon will have a cream- or yellow-colored bottom.

·         Press on it. If the watermelon sounds like it gives a little, it's ripe. (Rhodes doesn't like this method because it can ruin the quality of the fruit.)

·         Check the tendril. If it's green, wait. If it’s half-dead, the watermelon is nearly ripe or ripe. If the tendril is fully dead, it's ripe or overripe; it’s not going to get any riper, so you might as well pick!

·         Stems should be cut with a sharp knife close to the fruit.

·         Watermelons can be stored uncut for about 10 days. If cut, they can last in the refrigerator for about 4 days. Wrap tightly in plastic.

 Prepared by

Agriculture Field Officer

Mr Faraja Israel Lwoga